SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-COV: A comparative overview
Identifieur interne : 002737 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 002736; suivant : 002738SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-COV: A comparative overview
Auteurs : Ali A. Rabaan [Arabie saoudite] ; Shamsah H. Al-Ahmed [Arabie saoudite] ; Shafiul Haque [Arabie saoudite] ; Ranjit Sah [Népal] ; Ruchi Tiwari [Inde] ; Yashpal Singh Malik [Inde] ; Kuldeep Dhama [Inde] ; M Iqbal Yatoo [Inde] ; D Katterine Bonilla-Aldana ; Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales [Colombie]Source :
- Le infezioni in medicina [ 1124-9390 ]
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (génétique), Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (isolement et purification), Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (pathogénicité), Humains, Infections à coronavirus (virologie), Infections à coronavirus (épidémiologie), Pandémies, Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (virologie), Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (épidémiologie), Virus du SRAS (génétique), Virus du SRAS (isolement et purification), Virus du SRAS (pathogénicité).
- MESH :
- génétique : Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient, Virus du SRAS.
- isolement et purification : Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient, Virus du SRAS.
- pathogénicité : Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient, Virus du SRAS.
- virologie : Infections à coronavirus, Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère.
- épidémiologie : Infections à coronavirus, Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère.
- Humains, Pandémies.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Betacoronavirus (genetics), Betacoronavirus (isolation & purification), Betacoronavirus (pathogenicity), Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology), Coronavirus Infections (virology), Humans, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (genetics), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (isolation & purification), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (pathogenicity), Pandemics, SARS Virus (genetics), SARS Virus (isolation & purification), SARS Virus (pathogenicity), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (epidemiology), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (virology).
- MESH :
- epidemiology : Coronavirus Infections, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.
- genetics : Betacoronavirus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, SARS Virus.
- isolation & purification : Betacoronavirus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, SARS Virus.
- pathogenicity : Betacoronavirus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, SARS Virus.
- virology : Coronavirus Infections, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.
- Humans, Pandemics.
Abstract
The recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 that started in Wuhan, China, has now spread to several other countries and is in its exponential phase of spread. Although less pathogenic than SARS-CoV, it has taken several lives and taken down the economies of many countries. Before this outbreak, the most recent coronavirus outbreaks were the SARS-CoV and the MERS-CoV outbreaks that happened in China and Saudi Arabia, respectively. Since the SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the same family as of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, they share several similarities. So, this review aims at understanding the new scenario of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and compares the epidemiology, clinical presentations, and the genetics of these coronaviruses. Studies reveal that SARS-CoV-2 is very similar in structure and pathogenicity with SARS-CoV, but the most important structural protein, i.e., the spike protein (S), is slightly different in these viruses. The presence of a furin-like cleavage site in SARS-CoV-2 facilitates the S protein priming and might increase the efficiency of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 as compared to other beta coronaviruses. So, furin inhibitors can be targeted as potential drug therapies for SARS-CoV.
PubMed: 32275259
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pubmed:32275259Le document en format XML
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Rabaan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dhahran</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Ahmed, Shamsah H" sort="Al Ahmed, Shamsah H" uniqKey="Al Ahmed S" first="Shamsah H" last="Al-Ahmed">Shamsah H. Al-Ahmed</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Paediatric Medicine, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Paediatric Medicine, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Qatif</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haque, Shafiul" sort="Haque, Shafiul" uniqKey="Haque S" first="Shafiul" last="Haque">Shafiul Haque</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jazan</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sah, Ranjit" sort="Sah, Ranjit" uniqKey="Sah R" first="Ranjit" last="Sah">Ranjit Sah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Népal</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kathmandu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tiwari, Ruchi" sort="Tiwari, Ruchi" uniqKey="Tiwari R" first="Ruchi" last="Tiwari">Ruchi Tiwari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mathura</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malik, Yashpal Singh" sort="Malik, Yashpal Singh" uniqKey="Malik Y" first="Yashpal Singh" last="Malik">Yashpal Singh Malik</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Uttar Pradesh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dhama, Kuldeep" sort="Dhama, Kuldeep" uniqKey="Dhama K" first="Kuldeep" last="Dhama">Kuldeep Dhama</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Uttar Pradesh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yatoo, M Iqbal" sort="Yatoo, M Iqbal" uniqKey="Yatoo M" first="M Iqbal" last="Yatoo">M Iqbal Yatoo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar,Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar,Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jammu and Kashmir</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonilla Aldana, D Katterine" sort="Bonilla Aldana, D Katterine" uniqKey="Bonilla Aldana D" first="D Katterine" last="Bonilla-Aldana">D Katterine Bonilla-Aldana</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Semillero de Zoonosis, Grupo de Investigacion BIOECOS, Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de las Americas, Sede Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Pereira</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez Morales, Alfonso J" sort="Rodriguez Morales, Alfonso J" uniqKey="Rodriguez Morales A" first="Alfonso J" last="Rodriguez-Morales">Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia; Grupo de Investigacion Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de las Americas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country><wicri:regionArea>Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia; Grupo de Investigacion Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de las Americas, Pereira, Risaralda</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Risaralda</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Le infezioni in medicina</title><idno type="ISSN">1124-9390</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Betacoronavirus (genetics)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (isolation & purification)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (pathogenicity)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (virology)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (genetics)</term><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (isolation & purification)</term><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (pathogenicity)</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>SARS Virus (genetics)</term><term>SARS Virus (isolation & purification)</term><term>SARS Virus (pathogenicity)</term><term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (epidemiology)</term><term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (virology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (génétique)</term><term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (isolement et purification)</term><term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (pathogénicité)</term><term>Humains</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (virologie)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (épidémiologie)</term><term>Pandémies</term><term>Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (virologie)</term><term>Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (épidémiologie)</term><term>Virus du SRAS (génétique)</term><term>Virus du SRAS (isolement et purification)</term><term>Virus du SRAS (pathogénicité)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Betacoronavirus</term><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</term><term>SARS Virus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient</term><term>Virus du SRAS</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Betacoronavirus</term><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</term><term>SARS Virus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolement et purification" xml:lang="fr"><term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient</term><term>Virus du SRAS</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogenicity" xml:lang="en"><term>Betacoronavirus</term><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</term><term>SARS Virus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogénicité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient</term><term>Virus du SRAS</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Humans</term><term>Pandemics</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Humains</term><term>Pandémies</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 that started in Wuhan, China, has now spread to several other countries and is in its exponential phase of spread. Although less pathogenic than SARS-CoV, it has taken several lives and taken down the economies of many countries. Before this outbreak, the most recent coronavirus outbreaks were the SARS-CoV and the MERS-CoV outbreaks that happened in China and Saudi Arabia, respectively. Since the SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the same family as of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, they share several similarities. So, this review aims at understanding the new scenario of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and compares the epidemiology, clinical presentations, and the genetics of these coronaviruses. Studies reveal that SARS-CoV-2 is very similar in structure and pathogenicity with SARS-CoV, but the most important structural protein, i.e., the spike protein (S), is slightly different in these viruses. The presence of a furin-like cleavage site in SARS-CoV-2 facilitates the S protein priming and might increase the efficiency of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 as compared to other beta coronaviruses. So, furin inhibitors can be targeted as potential drug therapies for SARS-CoV.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32275259</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>15</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>15</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">1124-9390</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>28</Volume><Issue>2</Issue><PubDate><MedlineDate>2020 Ahead Of Print Jun 1</MedlineDate></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Le infezioni in medicina</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Infez Med</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-COV: A comparative overview</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>174-184</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText>The recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 that started in Wuhan, China, has now spread to several other countries and is in its exponential phase of spread. Although less pathogenic than SARS-CoV, it has taken several lives and taken down the economies of many countries. Before this outbreak, the most recent coronavirus outbreaks were the SARS-CoV and the MERS-CoV outbreaks that happened in China and Saudi Arabia, respectively. Since the SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the same family as of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, they share several similarities. So, this review aims at understanding the new scenario of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and compares the epidemiology, clinical presentations, and the genetics of these coronaviruses. Studies reveal that SARS-CoV-2 is very similar in structure and pathogenicity with SARS-CoV, but the most important structural protein, i.e., the spike protein (S), is slightly different in these viruses. The presence of a furin-like cleavage site in SARS-CoV-2 facilitates the S protein priming and might increase the efficiency of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 as compared to other beta coronaviruses. So, furin inhibitors can be targeted as potential drug therapies for SARS-CoV.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rabaan</LastName><ForeName>Ali A</ForeName><Initials>AA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Al-Ahmed</LastName><ForeName>Shamsah H</ForeName><Initials>SH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Paediatric Medicine, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Haque</LastName><ForeName>Shafiul</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sah</LastName><ForeName>Ranjit</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tiwari</LastName><ForeName>Ruchi</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Malik</LastName><ForeName>Yashpal Singh</ForeName><Initials>YS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dhama</LastName><ForeName>Kuldeep</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yatoo</LastName><ForeName>M Iqbal</ForeName><Initials>MI</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar,Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bonilla-Aldana</LastName><ForeName>D Katterine</ForeName><Initials>DK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Semillero de Zoonosis, Grupo de Investigacion BIOECOS, Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de las Americas, Sede Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rodriguez-Morales</LastName><ForeName>Alfonso J</ForeName><Initials>AJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia; Grupo de Investigacion Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de las Americas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D003160">Comparative Study</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016454">Review</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Italy</Country><MedlineTA>Infez Med</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9613961</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1124-9390</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><SupplMeshList><SupplMeshName Type="Organism" UI="C000656484">severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</SupplMeshName></SupplMeshList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000073640" MajorTopicYN="N">Betacoronavirus</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000302" MajorTopicYN="N">isolation & purification</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000472" MajorTopicYN="Y">pathogenicity</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D065207" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000302" MajorTopicYN="N">isolation & purification</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000472" MajorTopicYN="Y">pathogenicity</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058873" MajorTopicYN="Y">Pandemics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D045473" MajorTopicYN="N">SARS Virus</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000302" MajorTopicYN="N">isolation & purification</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000472" MajorTopicYN="Y">pathogenicity</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D045169" MajorTopicYN="N">Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="Y">epidemiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="Y">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>11</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>11</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>16</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32275259</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Arabie saoudite</li><li>Colombie</li><li>Inde</li><li>Népal</li></country></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Bonilla Aldana, D Katterine" sort="Bonilla Aldana, D Katterine" uniqKey="Bonilla Aldana D" first="D Katterine" last="Bonilla-Aldana">D Katterine Bonilla-Aldana</name></noCountry><country name="Arabie saoudite"><noRegion><name sortKey="Rabaan, Ali A" sort="Rabaan, Ali A" uniqKey="Rabaan A" first="Ali A" last="Rabaan">Ali A. Rabaan</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Al Ahmed, Shamsah H" sort="Al Ahmed, Shamsah H" uniqKey="Al Ahmed S" first="Shamsah H" last="Al-Ahmed">Shamsah H. Al-Ahmed</name><name sortKey="Haque, Shafiul" sort="Haque, Shafiul" uniqKey="Haque S" first="Shafiul" last="Haque">Shafiul Haque</name></country><country name="Népal"><noRegion><name sortKey="Sah, Ranjit" sort="Sah, Ranjit" uniqKey="Sah R" first="Ranjit" last="Sah">Ranjit Sah</name></noRegion></country><country name="Inde"><noRegion><name sortKey="Tiwari, Ruchi" sort="Tiwari, Ruchi" uniqKey="Tiwari R" first="Ruchi" last="Tiwari">Ruchi Tiwari</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Dhama, Kuldeep" sort="Dhama, Kuldeep" uniqKey="Dhama K" first="Kuldeep" last="Dhama">Kuldeep Dhama</name><name sortKey="Malik, Yashpal Singh" sort="Malik, Yashpal Singh" uniqKey="Malik Y" first="Yashpal Singh" last="Malik">Yashpal Singh Malik</name><name sortKey="Yatoo, M Iqbal" sort="Yatoo, M Iqbal" uniqKey="Yatoo M" first="M Iqbal" last="Yatoo">M Iqbal Yatoo</name></country><country name="Colombie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Rodriguez Morales, Alfonso J" sort="Rodriguez Morales, Alfonso J" uniqKey="Rodriguez Morales A" first="Alfonso J" last="Rodriguez-Morales">Alfonso J. 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